更安全更长效的iNSC-DAP帕金森细胞疗法

帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease，PD）是最常见的神经系统退行性疾病之一

流行病学显示患病率为15-328/10万人口，平均发病年龄60岁

65岁以上人群的发病率为1.7%。PD病人确诊后的平均预期寿命是7-14年

2005年中国大约有200万PD患者，预计到2030年中国的PD患者将接近500万，而全球的PD患者将超过870万

PD的病因及发病机制尚未明确，可能与遗传因素、环境因素及社会因素等相关

PD的主要病理改变为中脑黑质致密部多巴胺（dopamine，DA）能神经元发生退行性病变和丢失，蓝斑神经元色素脱失，黑质色素变淡及出现路易小体

PD的神经生化改变为中脑黑质致密部DA神经元脱失导致纹状体内DA含量显著性减少

而黑质纹状体系统中与DA功能拮抗的乙酰胆碱作用相对亢进，DA与乙酰胆碱平衡失调从而造成运动功能障碍

主要临床表现有运动症状和非运动症状，运动症状主要表现为静止性震颤，肌强直或肌张力增高，运动迟缓及姿势步态异常

非运动症状主要包括认知/精神异常（抑郁或焦虑等精神障碍），睡眠障碍，自主神经功能障碍及感觉障碍

PD给患者自身带来极大痛苦，给家庭和社会造成沉重负担

但临床上尚无治愈PD的有效治疗方案，目前的治疗方法主要是对症治疗，从减轻病痛、延缓疾病发展和提高患者的生活质量着手

干细胞疗法由于能补充、替代缺失的多巴胺能神经元，恢复神经元信号传导，而有望成为治疗帕金森病有效途径

Safer and more long-term effective iNSC DAP Parkinson's cell therapy

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiology shows that the prevalence rate is 15-328/100000 people, the average age of onset is 60 years old, and the incidence rate of people over 65 years old is 1.7%. The average life expectancy of PD patients after diagnosis is 7-14 years. In 2005, there were approximately 2 million PD patients in China, and it is expected that by 2030, the number of PD patients in China will approach 5 million, while the global number of PD patients will exceed 8.7 million. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD are not yet clear, and may be related to genetic, environmental, and social factors.

The main pathological changes of PD are degenerative changes and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain, loss of pigmentation in locus coeruleus neurons, fading of melanin and appearance of Lewy bodies. The neurobiochemical changes of PD are the loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain, leading to a significant decrease in DA content in the striatum, while acetylcholine, which antagonizes DA function, is relatively overactive in the nigrostriatal system. The balance between DA and acetylcholine is disrupted, resulting in motor dysfunction.

The main clinical manifestations include motor symptoms and non motor symptoms. Motor symptoms mainly include static tremors, muscle rigidity or increased muscle tone, bradykinesia, and abnormal posture and gait. Non motor symptoms mainly include cognitive/psychiatric disorders (such as depression or anxiety), sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and sensory disorders. PD brings great pain to patients themselves and imposes a heavy burden on families and society.

However, there is currently no effective treatment plan for PD in clinical practice. The main treatment method is symptomatic treatment, starting from reducing pain, delaying disease development, and improving patients' quality of life. Stem cell therapy is expected to become an effective way to treat Parkinson's disease due to its ability to supplement and replace missing dopaminergic neurons, restore neuronal signal transduction.

神经干细胞是一类来源于神经系统的干细胞，具有自我更新能力

可通过不对称细胞增殖、分化，产生子代以及分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等神经细胞

利用细胞重编程技术平台和神经细胞分化平台，从成体血液细胞获得了神经干细胞（iNSCs）作为种子细胞，实现自体移植，可针对性的治疗帕金森等多种神经系统疾病和损伤

这样，还可以一并解决神经干细胞来源不足及伦理问题

iNSCs技术具有完全的自主知识产权，拥有中国美国多项发明专利

从神经干细胞的发现到分离移植治疗疾病，为多种神经系统疾病特别是神经系统退行性疾病的治疗带来新的希望

Neural stem cells are a type of stem cell derived from the nervous system, with self-renewal ability. It can generate offspring and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and other nerve cells through asymmetric cell proliferation and differentiation.

Using cell reprogramming technology platform and neural cell differentiation platform, neural stem cells (iNSCs) were obtained from adult blood cells as seed cells for autologous transplantation, which can be used for targeted treatment of various neurological diseases and injuries such as Parkinson's. In this way, we can also address the issue of insufficient sources of neural stem cells and ethical concerns.

INSCs technology has complete independent intellectual property rights and holds multiple invention patents in China and the United States. The discovery of neural stem cells and their isolation and transplantation for disease treatment have brought new hope for the treatment of various neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases.